Ross Poldark returns from fighting in the American Revolution to his native Cornwall, finding his fiancée Elizabeth Chynoweth about to marry his wealthy cousin Francis and his home in ruins after his father's death. Ross is a reluctant wedding guest, along with George Warleggan, nephew of a prosperous banker, and his uncle Charles proposes financing him to move to London. Ross, however, stays in Cornwall, rebuilding his home. Whilst at the local market he rescues the waif-like Demelza Carne and takes her home to work for him. Her bullying father arrives with his sons to reclaim her but Ross's tenants turn up to help him and fight them off.

Ross decides to reopen the family copper mine Wheal Leisure and persuades Francis to help him. Ross also escorts Francis's put-upon sister Verity to a dance, where he crosses swords with George Warleggan, annoyed that Ross borrowed capital for the mining project from a rival bank to that of his uncle. Verity meets the sea captain Andrew Blamey, who is keen to marry her but George forbids it, claiming that Blamey killed his first wife. The relationship ends when Francis challenges Blamey to a duel, in which Francis is injured, though Demelza proves her worth when she tends to him, impressing Ross.

The news of Demelza and Poldark's marriage spreads through the community, threatening Wheal Leisure's prospects.

Wedding bells ring as miner Mark Daniel marries visiting actress Keren Smith whilst Demelza and Ross have their own celebration as their daughter Julia is born, Ross not allowing Demelza's father's unwelcome visit to the christening party to ruin matters. Young Dr Dwight Enys comes to the area and is befriended by Ross. He is progressive and philanthropic, which annoys the curmudgeonly incumbent Dr Choake. With widespread poverty and mine closures all around Ross proposes that the pit owners form a collective with their own smelting company, to beat the Warleggans' monopoly, and presses ahead with the scheme. Francis opts out and is subsequently ruined as his mine is forced to close. To repay Verity for her kindness Demelza reunites her with Andrew Blamey in town, where they witness a food riot by starving locals.

Ross faces ruin as, along with the rest of his collective, he must sell to the Warleggans' company at a nominal price. At the same time the disease known as putrid throat sweeps through the county, claiming many lives and Dwight, still contrite over Keren, throws himself into trying to treat it. Elizabeth and her family are stricken and Demelza goes to help them but infects herself and her daughter with disastrous results. Divine justice appears to intervene as the Warleggans' ship and its cargo founder on the rocks and Ross leads the villagers in collecting its spoils from the beach. Demelza recovers from her sickness, only to face another setback to her marriage.

Ross prepares for his trial as Demelza and Elizabeth try to help his cause. George does everything in his power to harm Ross, Francis wrestles with his conscience, and Dwight clashes with an entitled heiress, Caroline Penvenen.

Ross chairs the meeting for his mine's share-holders, where expansion of Wheal Leisure is approved but Warleggan's spy Tankard is also present and Warleggan's heavies attack Jud for failing to discredit Ross at his trial after their payment to commit perjury. To remain solvent the Poldarks are forced to sell many of their possessions and livestock, causing Demelza to keep her pregnancy secret from her husband. However, following the attack on Jud, Ross realizes Warleggan has schemed to keep Francis and himself at odds and is reconciled with his cousin at a family party, after which Demelza reveals her pregnancy to a far from displeased Ross.

An epidemic sweeps through the county and Dwight is grateful to Caroline for providing him with a cart-load of fresh oranges to combat it. Ross meanwhile is thwarted in his efforts to expand the mine, thanks to Warleggan and his proxy, Tankard. To provide finances he strikes a deal with a local smuggler to use his beach to land cargo on, much to Demelza's annoyance. Ross also goes into partnership with Francis, despite Warleggan's attempts to split them up, and they open up the mine gaining access to Wheal Grace. Demelza gives birth to a baby boy, Jeremy, which goes some way towards reconciling Francis with Verity.

When a smuggler is caught magistrate Francis cleverly ensures a lenient sentence but Ross suspects one of his miners, Nick Vigus, as an informer. Francis is also loyal to his cousin when they meet Warleggan at a party, where Elizabeth admits that she still has affection for Ross and Caroline jilts Trevaunance before Dwight reveals his feelings for her. Francis discovers copper in the mine but his jubilation is cruelly curtailed whilst Ross once more finds himself at the mercy of Warleggan, who has obtained his promissory note and has a financial hold over him.

A cheerless Christmas looms for the Poldarks with Francis drowned in the mine having only found fool's copper and Ross facing debtor's prison if he cannot pay Warleggan. Ross is also anxious to expose the traitor and agrees to a dangerous scheme to trap them whilst Demelza is troubled by his frequent visits to console Elizabeth - though Warleggan is quick to ingratiate himself with the widow. Ray Penvenen accuses Dwight of fortune hunting and tries to ban him from seeing Caroline but she is far too perceptive and realistic to give up the man she loves. She also bails out Ross, whose tenacity she admires, in his hour of need - whilst seeking to remain anonymous.

The mine is at last bringing Ross wealth but Demelza, still slow to forgive, goes to stay with new mother Verity. An angry Ross gives the snide Warleggan a beating after his suggestion that Ross is cheating Elizabeth's son out of his inheritance before deciding to reenlist to fight in the Napoleonic wars. Dwight also signs up as a naval surgeon but is reunited with Caroline before he sets sail. Warleggan builds fences around his property, cutting off the public right of way and Demelza is one of the casualties of his hired thugs. Irate locals march on his house, Trenwith, vowing to burn it to the ground, but Ross dissuades them to spare them prosecution before he is reconciled with Demelza.

Ross and Demelza look to forget the past and rebuild their marriage, but new arrivals threaten their fragile reconciliation.

Whitworth's sexual demands on Morwenna are making her life a misery. When she falls pregnant he brings in her sister Rowella to help her, a girl who immediately spots his weakness. To give the broken Drake a positive in his life, Ross sets him up with his own smithy. At the Enys's public union both Elizabeth and Demelza notice Morwenna's unhappiness. Warleggan is perturbed when Hugh's uncle, Lord Falmouth, singles Ross out as a hero, and Sir Francis Bassett, declaring him a man of the people, proposes him as a member of parliament. Ross declines, allowing Warleggan to assume the candidacy, much to the annoyance of Demelza, who becomes closer to the besotted Hugh Armitage. Aunt Agatha dies, but her final act is to suggest to Warleggan that Ross is the true father of his son Valentine.

Agatha's dying words have the desired effect on Warleggan, who vents his anger by freezing out his wife and son, and dismissing more mine workers, whom the kindly Ross then employs. Warleggan succeeds in becoming a member of parliament. Elizabeth and Ross, in a chance encounter at Agatha's grave, discuss the parentage of Valentine. Dwight has his suspicions about Whitworth's sexual abuse of Morwenna, but Rowella is more than happy to take her sister's place in the parson's bed. Demelza, aware that Hugh is smitten with her, and feeling neglected by Ross, begins to succumb to the handsome naval officer, whilst Lord Falmouth summons Ross as his champion.

With Hugh's rapidly failing health eliminating him from standing in the election, his uncle, Lord Falmouth, thanks to Caroline and Demelza, joins with Sir Francis in agreeing that Ross should oppose Warleggan as the prospective member of parliament for the district. The result is a triumph for justice but Demelza must make an admission to Ross and, for her brothers, the path of true love continues to run anything but smoothly.

Ross is now member of parliament for Truro and making compassionate speeches opposing slavery and the use of child workers. Inevitably Warleggan, smarting from his defeat, links up with the disreputable Monk Adderley for revenge on Ross and a seat of his own whilst Whitworth seeks another way to discredit him. Returning to Cornwall, where Caroline has given birth to a daughter Sarah, Ross is called upon to save an ailing mine and also pays a visit to Elizabeth.

Warleggan is triumphant to discover that the late Nathaniel Pearce embezzled money from Pascoe's, the bank used by Ross. With Ross in London - impressing prime minister Pitt - Demelza attempts to save the bank but fails and Warleggan takes full advantage to plot further. Drake is dissuaded from leaving the area by Sam but Morwenna still rejects him whilst Caroline returns from London with Ross for the opening of Dwight's new infirmary. Here Ross makes an impassioned speech which leads to the bank being saved. He also has a surprise for Demelza whilst Elizabeth has news of her own.

Ross and Demelza are caught in the middle as Ralph Hanson tries to ruin Ned Despard and rebellion in Cornwall is stirred.

Ross tries to persuade the government to reinstate Ned as governor of Honduras, but Ned voices controversial views. The miners are distrusting of paper money. Morwenna visits John Conan. Demelza and Sam try to raise funds for a school.