Ross Poldark returns from fighting in the American Revolution to his native Cornwall, finding his fiancée Elizabeth Chynoweth about to marry his wealthy cousin Francis and his home in ruins after his father's death. Ross is a reluctant wedding guest, along with George Warleggan, nephew of a prosperous banker, and his uncle Charles proposes financing him to move to London. Ross, however, stays in Cornwall, rebuilding his home. Whilst at the local market he rescues the waif-like Demelza Carne and takes her home to work for him. Her bullying father arrives with his sons to reclaim her but Ross's tenants turn up to help him and fight them off.

Ross decides to reopen the family copper mine Wheal Leisure and persuades Francis to help him. Ross also escorts Francis's put-upon sister Verity to a dance, where he crosses swords with George Warleggan, annoyed that Ross borrowed capital for the mining project from a rival bank to that of his uncle. Verity meets the sea captain Andrew Blamey, who is keen to marry her but George forbids it, claiming that Blamey killed his first wife. The relationship ends when Francis challenges Blamey to a duel, in which Francis is injured, though Demelza proves her worth when she tends to him, impressing Ross.

Ross reopens Wheal Leisure, drawing his work force from Charles' mine and winning the respect of his tenants. Whilst he and Demelza are at a local wedding Elizabeth gives birth to a son, Geoffrey Charles. Ross attends the christening , noting not only the growing friendship between George Warleggan and Francis but overhearing gossips speculate on his relationship with Demelza. He is genuinely impressed by her efficiency and starts to confide in her. One of his workers, young father Jim Carter, is taken to court for poaching and Ross speaks on his behalf but fails to prevent the boy being sent to prison. Drunk and miserable he returns home and ends up in bed with the comforting Demelza. Next day he is visited by a sympathetic Elizabeth, clearly unhappy in her marriage. Seeing them together Demelza prepares to leave but Ross urges her to stay and they get married.

The news of Demelza and Poldark's marriage spreads through the community, threatening Wheal Leisure's prospects.

Whilst Ross's cooperative has some success there are hard times throughout Cornwall and typhoid sweeps through Bodmin jail and kills Jim Carter just as Ross and Dwight break in to rescue him. Dwight is also called upon to visit the injured Keren, who throws herself shamelessly at the young doctor, as Demelza notices. Untouched by privation the Warleggans throw a ball where Francis, struggling to accept his reduced circumstances, neglects Elizabeth, allowing George to step in as her escort. Ross turns up drunk and confronts Halse, the magistrate who jailed Jim and then plays cards recklessly though he does expose his opponent as a card sharp, known to the Warleggans, who are now all the more determined to break him. Further scandal is caused by the arrival of Captain Blamey, who asks Verity to run away with him.

Francis wrongly blames Ross for helping Verity elope with Andrew Blamey. Meanwhile, Mark suspects Dwight and Keren of having an affair, starting chain of events which will have tragic consequences and threaten the safety of eveyone in Nampara.

Ross faces ruin as, along with the rest of his collective, he must sell to the Warleggans' company at a nominal price. At the same time the disease known as putrid throat sweeps through the county, claiming many lives and Dwight, still contrite over Keren, throws himself into trying to treat it. Elizabeth and her family are stricken and Demelza goes to help them but infects herself and her daughter with disastrous results. Divine justice appears to intervene as the Warleggans' ship and its cargo founder on the rocks and Ross leads the villagers in collecting its spoils from the beach. Demelza recovers from her sickness, only to face another setback to her marriage.

Ross prepares for his trial as Demelza and Elizabeth try to help his cause. George does everything in his power to harm Ross, Francis wrestles with his conscience, and Dwight clashes with an entitled heiress, Caroline Penvenen.

When a smuggler is caught magistrate Francis cleverly ensures a lenient sentence but Ross suspects one of his miners, Nick Vigus, as an informer. Francis is also loyal to his cousin when they meet Warleggan at a party, where Elizabeth admits that she still has affection for Ross and Caroline jilts Trevaunance before Dwight reveals his feelings for her. Francis discovers copper in the mine but his jubilation is cruelly curtailed whilst Ross once more finds himself at the mercy of Warleggan, who has obtained his promissory note and has a financial hold over him.

A cheerless Christmas looms for the Poldarks with Francis drowned in the mine having only found fool's copper and Ross facing debtor's prison if he cannot pay Warleggan. Ross is also anxious to expose the traitor and agrees to a dangerous scheme to trap them whilst Demelza is troubled by his frequent visits to console Elizabeth - though Warleggan is quick to ingratiate himself with the widow. Ray Penvenen accuses Dwight of fortune hunting and tries to ban him from seeing Caroline but she is far too perceptive and realistic to give up the man she loves. She also bails out Ross, whose tenacity she admires, in his hour of need - whilst seeking to remain anonymous.

Ross and Dwight stand trial for their part in the smuggling. A new tin lode gives Ross renewed hope in Wheal Grace, but it is George who is there for Elizabeth when her mother falls ill and deals Ross a bitter blow.

Ross and Demelza look to forget the past and rebuild their marriage, but new arrivals threaten their fragile reconciliation.

Whilst anxious to build their own Methodist chapel, the Carne brothers work well at the mine, though they defy Ross by entering Warleggan's estate, where Drake meets and is captivated by Morwenna. Along with Caroline, Verity attends Valentine's christening where she unsuccessfully attempts reconciliation between the Warleggans and Ross. Both women are alarmed to hear their husband's ships are missing at sea, but Verity's spouse Andrew is found alive and well. Despite unexpected support from the Reverend Halse, Ross refuses to put himself forward as magistrate replacing the late Ray Penvenen, giving Warleggan the victory. Later Ross hears that Dwight has been cast ashore in revolutionary France and, with his friend Tholly Tregirls, sets out to rescue him.

Tholly takes Ross to a French port where republican soldiers are executing their prisoner. They meet Jacques Clisson, who gives them information about Dwight's incarceration but, threatened with prison himself, Ross returns home without his friend. Banned by Warleggan from using his church, the Carne boys find a venue for their Methodist meeting house, but are again thwarted by Warleggan through a legal loop-hole and are ultimately saved by Demelza, who allows them to use a barn on Ross's land. The Warleggans move to Truro, where even Elizabeth is shocked by the immoral social climbing of her newly appointed magistrate husband, and starts to feel isolated, but their absence leaves Morwenna, encouraged by Aunt Agatha and Geoffrey Charles, to continue meeting Drake.

Guests come to Ross and Demelza's daughter Cowance's christening. Morwenna and Geoffrey Charles are called away for Christmas. George plots to marry Morwenna off for political gain, but her heart belongs to Drake. Ross, Demelza, and Caroline find a way to feed the poor. Dwight continues to suffer in French prison.

Agatha's dying words have the desired effect on Warleggan, who vents his anger by freezing out his wife and son, and dismissing more mine workers, whom the kindly Ross then employs. Warleggan succeeds in becoming a member of parliament. Elizabeth and Ross, in a chance encounter at Agatha's grave, discuss the parentage of Valentine. Dwight has his suspicions about Whitworth's sexual abuse of Morwenna, but Rowella is more than happy to take her sister's place in the parson's bed. Demelza, aware that Hugh is smitten with her, and feeling neglected by Ross, begins to succumb to the handsome naval officer, whilst Lord Falmouth summons Ross as his champion.

With Hugh's rapidly failing health eliminating him from standing in the election, his uncle, Lord Falmouth, thanks to Caroline and Demelza, joins with Sir Francis in agreeing that Ross should oppose Warleggan as the prospective member of parliament for the district. The result is a triumph for justice but Demelza must make an admission to Ross and, for her brothers, the path of true love continues to run anything but smoothly.

Ross is now member of parliament for Truro and making compassionate speeches opposing slavery and the use of child workers. Inevitably Warleggan, smarting from his defeat, links up with the disreputable Monk Adderley for revenge on Ross and a seat of his own whilst Whitworth seeks another way to discredit him. Returning to Cornwall, where Caroline has given birth to a daughter Sarah, Ross is called upon to save an ailing mine and also pays a visit to Elizabeth.

Caroline and Dwight suffer a family tragedy, prompting her to take unusual action. Dwight also confounds Whitworth's attempt to commit Morwenna to an asylum, to allow him to continue his affair with her sister Rowella and proves himself a hero when blasting causes heavy flooding at the mine. This last event causes Ross to doubt a return to parliament but is persuaded by Dwight to change his mind. Warleggan also enables his political ambitions to come to crooked fruition.

Warleggan is triumphant to discover that the late Nathaniel Pearce embezzled money from Pascoe's, the bank used by Ross. With Ross in London - impressing prime minister Pitt - Demelza attempts to save the bank but fails and Warleggan takes full advantage to plot further. Drake is dissuaded from leaving the area by Sam but Morwenna still rejects him whilst Caroline returns from London with Ross for the opening of Dwight's new infirmary. Here Ross makes an impassioned speech which leads to the bank being saved. He also has a surprise for Demelza whilst Elizabeth has news of her own.

Now suspicious about Valentine's paternity after Geoffrey Charles' observation, Warleggan is cold towards Elizabeth and, to force an early delivery of her unborn child to allay further suspicions about Ross being Valentine's father, she takes drastic measures - which do not end well. Drake, however, is overjoyed when Morwenna agrees to marry him whilst Lord Falmouth refuses to accept Ross's resignation from Parliament because of his duel with Monk Adderley.

Ross and Demelza's domestic life is interrupted when a plea from Ross's old Army colonel compels him to London. Following Elizabeth's death, George's grief leads the Warleggans into uncharted territory.

As George makes a lucrative alliance, the Poldarks are caught in a deadly web...

Hanson's presence in Cornwall raises suspicion and as Demelza wrestles with how best to equip the community to look after itself, Morwenna lends herself to the cause and finds new hope. Geoffrey Charles and Cecily's relationship continues to blossom, but George's sanity continues to deteriorate and Cary struggles under mounting responsibilities. The Enyses look to challenge the county's high society by hosting a ball to introduce the Despards, before disaster strikes and Ross and Ned must spring into action together.

Ross and Demelza are caught in the middle as Ralph Hanson tries to ruin Ned Despard and rebellion in Cornwall is stirred.

Ross tries to persuade the government to reinstate Ned as governor of Honduras, but Ned voices controversial views. The miners are distrusting of paper money. Morwenna visits John Conan. Demelza and Sam try to raise funds for a school.

Ned and Kitty face dire consequences and Ross attempts to help them. Cecily and Geoffrey Charles seek a life together against her father's wishes.

Demelza discovers the French are smuggling arms into Cornwall, but Ross is determined to take revenge on Merceron and Hanson for framing Ned and returns to London to confront them.

Ross and his friends must launch their most daring plan yet to try to save themselves and the country from enemies both at home and abroad.